Utilised to acquire a diverse array of shares and assets
When considering investment options, one intriguing avenue is the investment trust. As a form of public limited company, investment trusts gather capital by issuing shares to investors. This pooled capital is then utilised to acquire a diverse array of shares and assets, with each trust pursuing distinct objectives and containing a varied investment mix.
Investment trusts stand apart from unit trusts primarily due to their capacity for borrowing funds to purchase additional shares, a mechanism known as ‘gearing’. This ability to leverage can magnify returns during market upswings but also intensify losses during downturns. Investment trusts typically possess more flexibility to borrow than unit trusts, which are widely accessible to the public.
Buying and selling shares in investment trusts
Unlike unit trusts, when you wish to sell shares in an investment trust, you must locate another buyer, generally by trading on the stock market. The investment trust manager is not required to repurchase shares until the trust reaches its termination date.
The market price of shares in an investment trust can be either below or above the actual value of the assets they represent. Shares trading below this value are said to be ‘trading at a discount’, while those exceeding it are ‘trading at a premium’.
Types of investment trusts
Conventional investment trusts
Conventional investment trusts operate as closed-ended funds, issuing a set number of shares that are freely traded on the stock exchange, akin to any public company. The share price is influenced by underlying asset value and the market demand for its shares.
These trusts can engage in borrowing, using the funds to purchase additional shares or assets—a practice known as ‘gearing’. While gearing can boost returns in a robust market, it may also diminish them when the market falters. It’s vital to assess the gearing levels of any trust before investing, as this can significantly impact the risk and return of your investment.
Split capital investment trusts
Split capital investment trusts have a predetermined lifespan, often between five to ten years, though investors are not bound for this duration. They issue various types of shares, which are paid out in a set order upon the trust’s conclusion.
Investors can select shares aligning with their risk tolerance and return expectations. Typically, shares with later payout dates involve higher risk but promise greater potential returns.
Factors to consider when investing in investment trusts
When contemplating an investment in trusts, several critical factors should be considered:
Asset type and risk
The risk and return of an investment trust are closely tied to the assets it holds. Understanding these asset types is crucial, as some carry more risk than others.
Discount or premium
Examine the difference between the trust’s share price and the asset value. A widening discount can negatively impact returns.
Borrowing practices
Determine if the trust uses borrowed funds for investment. This can enhance returns but also increase potential losses.
Tax-efficiency
Many investment trusts can be included in an Individual Savings Account (ISA), rendering income and capital gains tax-efficient. Profits from shares sold outside an ISA may be subject to Capital Gains Tax.